Hagodoh Excerpts
Copyright 1999 Garry Koenigsberg
Feel free to use these at your own family seder.
All other rights are reserved.



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New explanations of traditional symbols:


CHAROSES—this mixture of apples and seasonings we eat. Why? Rabbi Jochannan said, "To recall the clay. Seasonings mixed with apples recall straw mixed with clay; so were we forced to make bricks for Pharaoh.” But why from apples? Rabbi Levi said, "To recall the apple trees.” For just as apple trees blossom while it is still winter, before any leaves have grown to protect the fruit, so our mothers in Egypt were willing to bear their children unprotected, hiding in the orchards and fields. When Pharaoh decreed the drowning of Hebrew boys, Jewish men thought to cease having children altogether; but their wives said, "Pharaoh wants to kill only the male children, but you would eliminate them all!” Their courage kept our nation alive.

KOS ELIYAHU— this cup of Elijah we have set aside. Why? On this night of our ancient deliverance from Egypt, the barriers to redemption are at their weakest. While any season may see the arrival of Elijah the Prophet, to help us find lasting reconciliation and peace, tonight his arrival is imminent. So in addition to the four cups we drink tonight, to recall the four promises fulfilled in our past liberation, we have a fifth cup made ready. When Elijah arrives, we will drink it to celebrate the fulfillment of a fifth promise, the promise of a world returned and healed. Century after century we have prepared this cup and left it untasted, yet tonight we have filled it again. Stubbornly, we continue to bear witness to the promise of a Day when all oppression and war shall cease, as its written,
None shall hurt, and none shall do harm, in all My holy mountain;
For the land shall be as full of the knowledge of God,
As the waters cover the sea.
Is. 11:19

And it is also written:

It is not for you to complete the task
But neither can you ignore it. Mishneh Ohvos 16

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A new symbol:
Kos Miriam / The Cup of Miriam
(Lift the goblet of water.)


Sweet water sustained us through years of desert wandering. The Medrash describes a miraculous well that arose in each place we camped: B'eir Miriam, Miriam's Well. This cup recalls the water that sprang up in barren places through the merit of Miriam, prophet and midwife. Wine we produce by our own labor, just as the journey out of slavery requires our own preparation and effort. But true liberation — like water, like birth — is beyond our devising. It comes from God. Once we have made ready, our only task is to receive our liberation with joy, as it is written,

Draw water in gladness from the wells of salvation. Is. 12:3

U'shaftem mayim b'sason mi mai- nei hayishuah

(Replace the goblet.)

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A portion of the story of the Exodus:
Go and learn that our ancestors had no fixed dwellings; we began as people without a home. As it is written:

My father was a wandering Syrian, but he went down to Egypt, and sojourned there. Deut.26:5

And sojourned there– We never intended to settle in Egypt, only to stay for a little while. As it is written, They said to Pharaoh, We have come to sojourn in the land; there is no pasture for our flocks, for the famine is heavy in the land of Canaan. But the Pharaoh that Joseph served welcomed us gladly; we prospered, and became comfortable, as it is written, There we became a great nation, mighty and numerous. Gen. 47:4 Deut.26:5

Then Joseph died and was forgotten, as it is written, A new Pharaoh arose in Egypt, who knew nothing of Joseph. Pharaoh now saw no profit in us, only that we were different from his people; and he began to hate. Ex.1:8

The Egyptians declared us evil. They tormented us, and imposed cruel labors upon us. Deut.26:6

The Egyptians declared us evil - as it is written, Come, let us deal wisely with them, to keep them from becoming greater; lest, in war, they join with our enemies, and fight against us, and become rulers over the land. Ex.1:10

Let us deal wisely with them — we may learn that regardless of how foolish our fear, or how brutal its result, we will call it wisdom.

And tormented us — as it is written, They made them work in gangs with officers set over them, to break their spirit with hard labor. Thus they built treasure cities for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamses. Ex.1:11

Treasure cities—we may learn that while excuses for oppression vary, money usually has something to do with it.

And imposed cruel labors upon us — as it is written, The Egyptians treated the Israelite slaves ruthlessly. Ex. 1:13

Ruthlessly—Even a short respite might have allowed us to consider our plight and remember the Source of our strength. Thus Pharaoh took care that our every moment be filled with labor and despair. So too the pharaohs of our own lives urge us to fill each hour with labor, acquisition, and escape, lest we give ourselves time to reflect, and recognize that our true yearning is for the lasting and holy.

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